Pearl Harbor: Accidental or Political :: essays research papers

Sunday morning, December 7, 1941, Japanese aircraft, military aircraft, and torpedo planes assaulted the American maritime base at Pearl Harbor. This sneak assault dove the United States into World War II. The principal wave, comprising of 183 planes, showed up at roughly 7:50AM. They had taken off from plane carrying warships around 200 miles toward the northwest, an armada instructed by Vice Admiral Chuichi Nagumo (Thomas 3). The Japanese objective was to obliterate the boats on Battleship Row and the planes on the ground at the Naval Air Station, Wheeler, and Hickam Airfields. Since it was a Sunday morning, a large portion of the 780 antiaircraft weapons were not kept an eye on. Numerous military staff were on shore for the end of the week and many others were still sleeping on their boats. Did the U.S. Government think about the assault previously? For what reason were the admonition signs not all the more profoundly explored? The Naval Air Station, Wheeler, and Hickam Airfields were the first to be hit by the Japanese to guarantee the US had no capacity to retaliate. 212 of the armadas grounded planes were hit, and the 53 that had the option to make off were effort down in the assault. The U.S.S. Oklahoma, West Virginia, Arizona, California, and Nevada were five of the 19 depressed or harmed U.S. ships. Amidst the assault, 2,403 American military faculty were executed; including the 1,177 everlastingly buried in the Arizona. Another 1,178 were injured. The U.S. didn't cause a lot of harm to the Japanese during the assault. The Japanese just lost one smaller person submarine and 29 planes; 20 were kamikaze missions, 2 were mechanical glitches, and just 7 were destroyed. December 8, the leader of the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt, tended to Congress and the American individuals. "Yesterday, December 7, a date which will live in disgrace the United States of America was abruptly and intentionally assaulted by the maritime and aviation based armed forces of the Empire of Japan†¦" Congress proclaimed war on Japan, and the US was hauled into World War II (Thomas 5). The admonition indications of the assault were there, however weren't examined. The 3 significant admonition signs that the Japanese were going to assault were the "East Wind Rain" message, the unidentified submarine, and the radar signals. On the morning of Dec 4, 1941 Naval Officer Ralph T. Briggs was on watch at the Cheltenham, MD, catch station, when he got the surprising and startling "East Wind Rain" message.

How to Calculate the 7 Cost Measures

The most effective method to Calculate the 7 Cost Measures There are numerous definitions identifying with cost, including the accompanying seven terms: Peripheral costTotal costFixed costTotal variable costAverage all out costAverage fixed costAverage variable expense The information you needâ toâ compute these seven figuresâ probably will come in one of three structures: A table that gives information on all out expense and amount producedA straight condition relating absolute cost (TC) and amount created (Q)A nonlinear condition relating all out cost (TC) and amount delivered (Q) Following are meanings of the terms and clarifications of how the three circumstances ought to be managed. Characterizing Terms of Cost Minimal costâ is the cost an organization acquires while creating one all the more great. Assume its delivering two merchandise, and friends authorities might want to realize how much expenses would increment if creation was expanded to three products. The thing that matters is the minimal expense of going from a few. It very well may be determined subsequently: Minor Cost (from 2 to 3) Total Cost of Producing 3 †Total Cost of Producing 2 For instance, on the off chance that it costs $600 to create three merchandise and $390 to deliver two products, the thing that matters is 210, so that is the minor expense. All out costâ is essentially all the expenses caused in delivering a specific number of merchandise. Fixed costsâ are the costs that are autonomous of the quantity of merchandise delivered, orâ the costs caused when no products are created. All out factor cost is something contrary to fixed expenses. These are the costs that change when more is delivered. For example, the all out factor cost of delivering four units is determined therefore: Complete Variable Cost of Producing 4 units Total Cost of Producing 4 Units †Total Cost of Producing 0 units For this situation, let’s state it costs $840 to create four units and $130 to deliver none. All out factor costs when four units are producedâ is $710 since 840-130710.â Normal all out costâ is the totalâ cost over the quantity of units delivered. So if the organization produces five units, the equation is: Normal Total Cost of Producing 5 units Total Cost of Producing 5 units/Number of Units On the off chance that the absolute expense of creating five units is $1200, normal all out expense is $1200/5 $240. Normal fixed costâ is fixed expenses over the quantity of units created, given by the recipe: Normal Fixed Cost Total Fixed Costs/Number of Units The recipe for normal variable expenses is: Normal Variable Cost Total Variable Costs/Number of Units Table of Given Data Some of the time a table or outline will give you the minimal expense, and youll need to calculate the absolute expense. You can calculate the complete expense of creating two merchandise by utilizing the condition: Complete Cost of Producing 2 Total Cost of Producing 1 Marginal Cost (1 to 2) An outline will ordinarily give data with respect to the expense of delivering one great, the negligible costâ ,and fixed expenses. Lets state the expense of creating one great is $250, and the negligible expense of delivering another great is $140. The all out expense would be $250 $140 $390. So the all out expense of delivering two products is $390. Straight Equations Lets state you need to compute negligible cost, all out cost, fixed cost, complete variable cost, normal absolute cost, normal fixed cost, andâ average variable costâ when given a straight condition with respect to add up to cost and amount. Direct conditions are conditions without logarithms. For instance, let’s utilize the condition TC 50 6Q. That implies the absolute expense goes up by 6 at whatever point an extra decent is included, as appeared by the coefficient before the Q. This implies there is a steady minor expense of $6 per unit delivered. Absolute expense is spoken to by TC. Along these lines, in the event that we need to compute the all out expense for a particular amount, we should simply substitute the amount for Q. So the absolute expense of creating 10 units is 50 6 X 10 110. Recollect that fixed expense is the cost we acquire when no units are created. So to locate the fixed cost, substitute in Q 0 to the condition. The outcome is 50 6 X 0 50. So our fixed expense is $50. Review that all out factor costs are the non-fixed expenses brought about when Q units are created. So absolute variable expenses can be determined with the condition: Absolute Variable Costs Total Costs †Fixed Costs Absolute expense is 50 6Q and, as just clarified, fixed expense is $50 in this model. In this manner, all out factor cost is (50 6Q) †50, or 6Q. Presently we can ascertain all out factor cost at a given point by filling in for Q. To locate the normal complete cost (AC), you have to average absolute expenses over the quantity of units created. Take the all out cost equation of TC 50 6Q and partition the correct side to get normal absolute expenses. This looks like AC (50 6Q)/Q 50/Q 6. To get normal complete expense at a particular point, substitute for the Q. For instance, normal complete expense of creating 5 units is 50/5 6 10 6 16. Correspondingly, isolate fixed expenses by the quantity of units delivered to discover normal fixed expenses. Since our fixed expenses are 50, our normal fixed expenses are 50/Q. To compute normal variable costs, partition variable expenses by Q. Since variable expenses are 6Q, normal variable expenses are 6. Notice that normal variable expense doesn't rely upon amount created and is equivalent to minimal expense. This is one of the unique highlights of the straight model, however it wont hold with a nonlinear definition. Nonlinear Equations Nonlinear absolute cost conditions are all out cost conditions that will in general be more confused than the straight case, especially on account of negligible cost where analytics is utilized in the investigation. For this activity, let’s think about the accompanying two conditions: TC 34Q3 †24Q 9TC Q log(Q2) The most exact method of computing the negligible expense is with math. Minor expense is basically the pace of progress of all out expense, so it is the main subordinate of absolute expense. So utilizing theâ two given conditions for all out cost, take the first derivate of absolute expense to discover the articulations for peripheral expense: TC 34Q3 †24Q 9TC’ MC 102Q2 †24TC Q log(Q2)TC’ MC 1/(Q2) So when all out expense is 34Q3 †24Q 9, minimal expense is 102Q2 †24, and when all out expense is Q log(Q2), peripheral expense is 1/(Q2). To locate the peripheral expense for a given amount, simply substitute the incentive for Q into every articulation. For all out cost, the recipes are given. Fixed expense is discovered when Q 0. At the point when all out expenses are 34Q3 †24Q 9, fixed expenses are 34 X 0 †24 X 0 9. This is a similar answer you get on the off chance that you take out all the Q expressions, yet this won't generally be the situation. At the point when all out expenses are Q log(Q2), fixed expenses are 0 log(0 2) log(2) 0.30. So albeit all the terms in our condition have a Q in them, our fixed expense is 0.30, not 0. Recollect that complete variable costâ is found by: All out Variable Cost Total Cost †Fixed Cost Utilizing the main condition, complete expenses are 34Q3 †24Q 9 and fixed costâ is 9, so all out factor costs are 34Q3 †24Q. Utilizing the subsequent all out cost condition, complete expenses are Q log(Q2) and fixed expense is log(2), so all out factor costs are Q log(Q2) †2. To get the normal complete cost, take the all out cost conditions and partition them by Q. So for the main condition with an all out expense of 34Q3 †24Q 9, the normal absolute expense is 34Q2 †24 (9/Q). At the point when all out expenses are Q log(Q2), normal all out expenses are 1 log(Q2)/Q. Also, partition fixed expenses by the quantity of units delivered to get normal fixed expenses. So when fixed expenses are 9, normal fixed expenses are 9/Q. What's more, when fixed expenses are log(2), normal fixed expenses are log(2)/9. To figure normal variable costs, partition variable expenses by Q. In the main given condition, absolute variable expense is 34Q3 †24Q, so normal variable expense is 34Q2 †24. In the subsequent condition, absolute variable expense is Q log(Q2) †2, so normal variable expense is 1 log(Q2)/Q †2/Q.

Style over Great Gatsby Essays

Style over Great Gatsby Essays Style over Great Gatsby Essay Style over Great Gatsby Essay The creator of the artful culmination â€Å"The Great Gatsby†, was without a doubt F. Scott Fitzgerald. The Great Gatsby is composed adroitly, utilizing astute and even wonderful expressions. Anticipating and images are used inconspicuously and metaphorical language is utilized dexterously all through the whole novel. He makes a character who gets incredible. He starts life as only a common, lower-class, resident. Be that as it may, Gatsby has a fantasy about getting well off. Subsequent to meeting Daisy, he has motivation to endeavor to get noticeable. For an amazing duration, Gatsby gains the title of really being incredible. This tale is significant in light of the fact that its novel about what befell the American dream during the 1920s, a period when the old qualities that offered substance to the fantasy had been tainted by the obscene quest for riches. The characters are Midwesterners who have come East in quest for this new dream of cash, popularity, achievement, style, and fervor. Tom and Daisy must have an immense house, a stable of polo horses, and companions in Europe. Gatsby must have his gigantic manor before he can feel sufficiently certain to attempt to win Daisy. There is clear symbolism that you see all through this book, pictures of time, luxurious gatherings, the mission for riches, Some pictures may all the more appropriately be called images for the manner in which they point past themselves to memorable or mythic certainties: the green light toward the finish of Daisys dock, for example, or Dr. Eckleburgs eyes, or Dan Codys yacht. Through the representative utilization of pictures, Fitzgerald changes what is on a superficial level a practical social novel of the 1920s in to a legend about America. Fitzgerald utilizes allegorical language all through this exposition, he utilizes the language to underscore the transcendent subjects of his work. One section specifically stands apart as one that contacts each of Fitzgerald’s principle thoughts. It happens in section three after the lighthearted charm and bliss of Gatsby’s party has dissipated, when the partygoers are taken back to â€Å"sober reality†. Fitzgerald’s section fills in as an absolute opposite to the initial segment of the part just as an exemplification of the subjects of the book all in all. At last, in the wake of talking about these prime keys to the style of the article, we may call Fitzgeralds style intelligent. Significantly more so you can tell that he was utilizing savvy and even beautiful expressions. Anticipating and images are used unpretentiously and metaphorical language is utilized dexterously all through the whole novel. There are a few significant sections at which Nick stops and ponders the importance of the activity, nearly deciphering the occasions. The style in such entries is thick, savvy, purposely troublesome as Nick attempts to grapple with the implications behind the occasions he has seen.

Impact of AIDS on Sub-Saharan Africa’s Economy

Sub-Saharan Africa is the piece of the world most awfully impacted by AIDS. By the finish of 2004 it was evaluated that twenty-6,000,000 occupants in Sub-Saharan Africa were experiencing AIDS. Roughly seven to eight percent of the developed populace is influenced, with event rates getting as high as 40% in a couple countries.Females are peculiarly tainted, with immature young ladies multiple times more inclined than adolescent young men to get AIDS. In 2004 in particular, 2,000,000 individuals terminated of AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa.However the pestilence has far extended from its top, since infectivity rates are still surpassed setbacks from AIDS. Because of the hole among infectivity and progressive demise, we have as of not long ago to see the full effect of AIDS on Sub-Saharan Africa’s society as a whole.There have been varying conclusions over how AIDS has influenced the monetary fate of the African mainland. Blended messages on the genuine monetary repercussions of t he spread of the infection have added to a constrained reaction, in spite of the incorporation of fighting AIDS in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).One of the least concentrated yet most critical territories of the pandemic's effect is country agribusiness. In spite of the fact that long de-organized, provincial agribusiness is a wellspring of business for millions on the African mainland and is presently again being seen as a pivotal supporter of financial development and improvement by such associations as the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD).Hunger, food help and horticultural endowments are for the most part key components of the ebb and flow talk on Africa in approach hovers and in the media, however barely any examinations have surveyed the effect of AIDS on agribusiness to push for explicit mediations to relieve the effect of the pestilence on country agriculture.This ailment has influenced a large number of individuals and since a significant number of them are ranchers consequently it has by implication influenced farming moreover. Since farming is a significant wellspring of capital for people and the nation thusly it has influenced the economy of Africa too. It appears to be evident that such elevated levels of ailment and mortality will seriously hamper financial execution in the most vigorously influenced countries.Yet throughout the most recent decade, various macroeconomic investigations have pronounced that AIDS isn't significantly affecting GDP development. These investigations are significant in light of the fact that they give ammo that permits legislators and researchers to excuse the pestilence as not deserving of activity and funding.In circles of influence the world over, it is cash that drives approach activities. The case that AIDS isn't affecting financial execution talks uproariously and forestalls forceful intercession.( n5)This paper will begin with an evaluation of some of the macroeconomic examinations that expect to gauge the effect of AIDS on GDP development, and which add to the support of a constrained worldwide reaction to the disease.Macroeconomic Analysis Of The Impact Of AIDSThe appraisals of the macroeconomic effect of AIDS have been generally pretentious because of the remarkable character of the pandemic. Helps influences the least fortunate of poor people: the individuals who are not perceived or estimated by customary macroeconomic pointers. (Ruxin, 2004)As an UN report on â€Å"The Impact of AIDS† notes, â€Å"those provincial individuals whose exercises are not tallied by standard estimations of financial execution and profitability are among the most powerless against the effect of AIDS.†( Bloom,  Mahal, 1997, 108)By not completely representing the casual part, the country economy and little scope farming are to a great extent excused, and ladies, who assume a huge job in the casual economy and rural area, are minimized. While the macroeconomic investig ations surveying the effect of AIDS ignore them, in reality it is poor people, the provincial and ladies who are generally influenced by the disease.After many years of disregard by governments and deserting by basic modification programs, there is a recharged center around farming by worldwide associations and gatherings, for example, the World Bank and NEPAD. Agribusiness is by and by being viewed as a main impetus for development in Africa.The Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Program (CAADP) discharged in July 2003 states that â€Å"the high financial development rates conceived by NEPAD can't be acknowledged except if ranch creation is fundamentally expanded. Higher yield will legitimately decrease hunger and cut down the expense of food imports.It will likewise have more extensive financial advantages, from animating rustic earnings to giving crude materials to African industry.†(Harsch, 2004, 13) However, the provincial territories are the place AIDS is havi ng its most decimating impact.At when populace development is high comparative with other rising economies, the measure of arable land is steady, the nature of land is corrupting, and yield per hectare stale, the country zones are under expanded pressure.Adding the AIDS pestilence into an effectively dubious blend of components powers the agrarian division into a perilous descending winding and compromises seeks after monetary development in sub-Saharan Africa.Few of the macroeconomic investigations explicitly address provincial employments and horticulture. They likewise survey the effect of AIDS without recognizing that, from a monetary perspective, the essential effect of the infection shows mostly among individual financial specialists, for example people and family units. (Booysen, Bachmann, 2002)As an outcome, these macroeconomic models regularly neglect to take into account the impacts of various significant microeconomic effects which are endogenous to such models. (Booysen, Bachmann, 2002)Though the demise of an individual may just speak to a minor change in GDP, the macroeconomists neglect to comprehend the gradually expanding influence incessant sickness and passing has on networks. The impoverishment of networks falls upwards and impacts macroeconomic measures. The conventional macroeconomic research approach isn't adequate even with the across the board destruction of AIDS.Microeconomic Analysis Of The Impact Of AIDSIt is essential for analysts to direct microeconomic family level examinations on the effect of AIDS. Such examinations record the financial decisions that families and people are compelled to make notwithstanding the plague as far as family unit arrangement, work, profitability, reserve funds and adapting strategies.It is these practices that will educate spectators regarding the genuine effect the pandemic is having on sub-Saharan Africa and will in this way fill in as the reason for understanding the impact of AIDS on families, netw orks and the nation.Rural Household StudiesIt is obvious from existing microeconomic family level examinations that AIDS is pulverizing and will keep on annihilating Sub-Saharan Africa's country farming division and, through it, sabotages the rural and provincial restoration that many see as the premise of Africa's recovery.As Carolyn Baylies notes, â€Å"AIDS is having a significant impact, subverting rustic family creation, adding to declining horticultural yield and influencing the very uprightness of families and their supportability as suitable units.†(Baylies, 2002, 12)This paper will currently dive into some of the microeconomic investigations, with an attention on provincial agrarian family considers, to survey the house hold level effect of the scourge and to research the impacts that the macroeconomic examinations have to a great extent missed.A 2002 family unit sway study led in South Africa by Frederick Booysen and Max Bachmann investigates the effect of AIDS on f amilies in the Free State area. Specialists note that passings in the family units because of AIDS for the most part happened in people in their 20s and 30s.A Rwandan investigation uncovered that, for those that kicked the bucket, the normal time of disease before death was 23 months: an extensive stretch during which care must be given and medications looked for. (Donovan, 2003) Household disease drastically builds the reliance proportion in the home.Booysen and Bachmann note that the family units influenced by AIDS in certainty have a littler flexibly of work than non-influenced families, with a bigger extent of the family unit comprising of youngsters and older people. (Booysen, Bachmann, 2002) Furthermore, reliance is exacerbated by the way that numerous people come back to their provincial homes to get terminal consideration in the wake of getting sick. (Jayne, 2002)The South African examination additionally evaluates the effect of AIDS on family salary. The creators note that â€Å"per capita and grown-up proportionate salary in influenced families speaks to just somewhere in the range of half and 60% of the degrees of pay in non-influenced households.†(Booysen, Bachmann, 2002)This emotional drop results not just from the loss of work of the contaminated individual yet additionally from the weight of care that falls on relatives. Critically, Booysen and Bachmann likewise investigate the effect of the infection on use levels.AIDS essentially modifies the utilization examples of family units: â€Å"per capita and grown-up identical consumption is somewhere in the range of 60% and 70% of the degrees of use in non-influenced households.† (Booysen, Bachmann, 2002) Notably, influenced families spend less on food than non-influenced family units, which negatively affects the wellbeing of family unit individuals.

Ultimate Guide to Stress Management

Ultimate Guide to Stress Management You are in the middle of a huge project and things don’t seem to be going right. Even the smallest details are starting to get to you, and you feel like there is a huge load on your shoulders. You are most likely getting stressed out.It is exam period and you feel unprepared despite the fact that you have been studying really hard for the past couple of weeks. You have to reach a minimum grade in order to keep that scholarship, and you feel like everything will disappear if you fail any of the exams. Yes, you are experiencing stress.At work, you feel as though you are being attacked from all sides: from your bosses for adding more to your current workload; from your peers who are making it clear that they view you as a competitor or rival; from your subordinates who are waiting for you to make the hard decisions; and from clients or customers who expect you to provide for all their needs. That is stressful, all right.Situations and circumstances we are subjected to cause us to reac t accordingly. Experiences elicit certain responses from us, ranging from good to bad.The body’s way of responding to these situations, circumstances, experiences, or other demands, is what is known as stress.Of course, there is another way to look at stress, which is also defined as a mental state of being under emotional strain or tension that have been brought about by circumstances or situations that are very demanding or come with a lot of pressure. We experience stress when we feel as though we cannot cope with the pressure. © Shutterstock.com | OllyyIn this article, we will look at 1) the sources of stress, 2) the effects of stress, and 3) everything you need to know about stress management.SOURCES OF STRESSThese days, it seems as though stress is something that people live with on a daily basis. For many, it is almost a constant presence in their day-to-day lives. But what causes stress?There are several identified sources of stress:Fatigue due to overworking: This is the perfect representation of the phrase “stress is a silent killer”. A person who has been working for many years may not know it, but he may have been overworking himself, and it is already a bit late when he realized that it has taken a toll on his body. He is plagued with a bad case of fatigue, and he does not know how to deal with it.The need for survival: When a person finds himself in physical danger, his natural instinct to try to survive will kick in. This is the “fight or flight” response, where stress will make the bod y produce the needed adrenaline in order to give him the strength and the energy to try to remove himself out of danger. Either he tries to deal with the situation himself (fight) or run away (flight) altogether.Environmental causes: The environment has a lot of potential stressors. Environmental factors, such as bad weather, traffic situation, or even a messy or chaotic workplace, can be stressful. Even the other people around you can be potential sources of stress. Perhaps your family is putting a lot of pressure on you to get a good job or good grades at school. Or your bosses are pressuring you to do better so you can get that raise that you think is long overdue. Or maybe your co-worker is putting pressure on you when he made it clear that he was after your job.Internal stress: Sometimes, stress can be internally generated. People have a tendency to worry themselves sick when there is no reason to. They sometimes worry even about those things that are out of their control. Wors e, some people have become so used to being stressed that their subconscious actually seeks it out.Some further learnings can be obtained from the following presentation on health psychology that looks at stress.[slideshare id=33477554doc=7-140413192838-phpapp02w=640h=330]EFFECTS OF STRESSBefore we go any further, it is important to note that not all stress is bad. There is such a thing as “good stress”.When a person feels stressed, his body responds accordingly, releasing chemicals into the blood, giving him more energy and pumps up his adrenaline. This is a good effect of stress, especially when a person is reacting to a physical stimulus, such as a physically endangering situation. A person’s ability is heightened so he is able to perform better.But it could be on the other end of the spectrum when the reaction is different, and here we are talking about “bad stress”, which is the more known type of stress. In emotional situations, the body may release these chemicals. However, more often than not, there is no outlet for the person to expend the energy that was generated. This will backfire on the person, and now we have a classic case of stress affecting a person negatively.Exhaustion: If you feel stressed, you are likely to feel perpetually tired. You always feel exhausted, and want to do nothing but lie down and sleep. However, when you wake up, you do not feel rested at all.Health problems: Stress can be the root cause of various health problems and conditions. Too much chemicals released into the body can actually end up counterproductive and stimulate it too much, to that point that the body becomes weak. Examples of health problems that can be traced back to stress are:Various allergiesAsthma, tuberculosis and other respiratory problemsConstipation and indigestion problems, as well as peptic ulcersAnxiety and depressionDiabetes mellitusHeart attack and other heart conditionsHypertension or high blood pressureMigraine or severe headachesHype rthyroidismRheumatism and/or arthritisVarious skin problems and disordersBad decisions due to bad judgment: People who are under a lot of stress will not be able to think clearly or focus on the matter at hand. They feel too exhausted to concentrate, and they wouldn’t even bother trying. This will lead them to make bad or wrong decisions out of haste or an overall lack of interest.Reduced productivity: Unmanaged stress will eventually lead to a decline in a person’s performance, and his productivity will be diminished. He won’t be able to produce results as effectively as he did in the past. He may be performing his job, but the quality will not be as good.Psychological problems: Often, we encounter people who succumb to stress and go through a mental breakdown or a nervous breakdown. They experience extreme anxiety or depression, even to the point that they experience dissociation. This practically cripples them, and they end up being unable to function normally.Another psych ological problem that can result from too much stress is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This type of stress is on an extreme level, and it takes place in the aftermath of an injury, accident or some other severe psychological shock.The person is unable to sleep and, even when he does, he will be haunted by images or recollections of that specific event. His functioning will also be adversely affected, so he will have a hard time going about his daily routine. Even the simple act of interacting with other people becomes an ordeal.STRESS MANAGEMENTWhy is it important to manage stress?We have gone through the various effects that stress can have on a person, and the picture it paints is not pretty. Stress affects both the mind and the body, and can have devastating results to one’s life â€" both personal and professional â€" if left unmanaged.You want to avoid the negative effects of stress? Then you should definitely pay more attention on how to manage it.How to Manage Stres sWe often hear about stress management, and how important it is. This is not a fixed discipline, however. There is no standard guideline or instructional on how stress should be managed. After all, stress affects people differently, and the causes of stress also vary, so it makes sense that the way to manage stress would be different from person to person.Watch this inspiring presentation of Kelly to learn how you can make stress your friend. Stress management is all about taking positive action and finding healthier and better ways to cope with stress. This is in full recognition of the reality that we cannot completely eliminate stress. Since we cannot do away with it completely, what is left to do is to manage it: reduce its harmful effects, find ways to lessen its negative impacts, and put preventive measures into place so we can put a lid on it, and keep it from spiraling out of control.Accept the fact that you are under a lot of stress and that you can do something about it.It is so easy to fall prey to your helplessness once you realize that you are under a lot of stress lately. But do not make the mistake of thinking that you can do nothing about it. Keep in mind that you still have control: over your thoughts, your emotions, and over your lifestyle. You still have a say on how you will deal with your problems. You are not completely powerless.Identify the causes of your stress.The first (and probably most important) step in stress management is the identification of the causes or sources of stress. What stresses you out?You have to recognize the true sources of your stress. On the surface, you may think that it is your job that is giving you a world of grief right now but, after deeper reflection, you might realize that what is really causing your stress are your family’s expectations about you and your career. This means you are barking up the wrong tree, and putting the blame on something else.When assessing the true sources of stress, you have to look beneath the surface. You may have to take a hard look at yourself â€" your attitudes, your habits, and even the excuses that you make for the things that are happening to you.Identifying the correct sources of stress will give you a more definite starting point on managing it.After all, you cannot expect to cure an illness when you don’t know the reason for it, do you?Evaluate your current stress-coping methods or mechanisms.How are you coping with stress? List down the ways or techniques that you are using to deal with stress. After you have identified them, try to objectively evaluate whether they are actually working or not.Follow these strategies and techniques on managing stress.Get physicalPhysical activity is highly recommended whenever you are feeling stressed out. You do not have to engage in a high impact sport; even the simple act of taking brisk walks in the late afternoon or jogging at the park will do. In fact, you can incorporate physical activity to your erra nds, such as cycling to the grocery store to buy some supplies or taking your dog for a walk.Choosing a sport is not a bad idea, too. If you haven’t played a sport before in your life, then this is your chance to learn a new one. This will definitely take up a lot of your time and attention, and provide an outlet for all your frustrations and pent up energy.Dance. Hit the gym. Sign up for a gym membership and start a fitness program. Find an exercise partner and encourage each other as you work out together. You can be spontaneous about when to do these physical activities, but if you come up with a schedule, make sure you stick to it. If you do it regularly, then it will be as natural as breathing. The regularity brought about by a routine will bring a semblance of order to your life.Be socialThe last thing that you probably want to do if you are feeling stressed out is to be talking to other people. You just want to curl up on your own and be by your lonesome. However, you shoul d not succumb to this need to be alone. At this point, social engagement will do you a lot of good.Communication and being able to connect with others at a time that you are not at your best may just be the boost that you need to break out of the funk that is sucking you in. Reach out. Build relationships. Maybe you can simply chat with another person about the most mundane things. Share a cup of coffee with a colleague. Invite your girl friends for a night out at the movies.When you are feeling down, being alone may not be the best thing to do. That is why you see many people looking for support groups. They talk to them, air out their concerns, and even share advice. There is truth in the adage that talking will help you unload some of the stuff that you are feeling.Avoid situations that cause unnecessary stressSometimes, the experiences that we go through are entirely of our own making. Once you have recognized the specific causes or sources of your stress, make extra effort to a void them. Does traffic make you feel agitated? Leave home early so you won’t get caught in a traffic jam. Is a person in your apartment building causing you stress? Then make sure you do not cross paths with her or, even if you do, keep your interactions at a minimum.If you think hard enough, you will find that there are alternatives that will lead you on another path â€" the one that will not cause you stress.Learn to adaptNow if you cannot avoid these stressors and stressful situations, it is up to you to adapt. Change what you can, but learn to adapt to those that are beyond your control. Take matters into your own hands and find ways to compromise. Maybe you can have a heart-to-heart talk with the co-worker that has been causing you grief lately.Lay your cards on the table, and maybe you can reach an arrangement that will suit you both. If you are not confident that you can do it by yourself, find a mediator.Manage your timeGo back to your daily routine or schedule. Make time for some fun and relaxation. Fatigue and overworking result from having a poorly-planned schedule. Set aside some “me-time”. Do not forget to laugh or smile everyday. This includes making sure you get enough hours of sleep in a day.Seek helpYou may not be able to do it alone. If that is the case, ask for help. Tell your friends about your situation and ask for advice. Maybe they can even actively help you out in managing your stress. You may not realize that you have a strong support in your family, so you have to seek them out. In extreme cases, there is nothing wrong with seeking professional help. When nothing else works, it is time to go to the experts.Wrong Ways to Cope with StressPeople cope with stress in various ways, without realizing that some of these ways may be actually unhealthy, and cause them more harm in the long run. Avoid these stress-coping ways.Smoking, which is bound to cause other health problemsDrinking too much alcoholBingeing on junk foodBecoming a cou ch potato and doing nothing but watching television all dayBecoming an introvert and shutting everyone out, including your familyMedication, which can lead to addictionViolence and antagonism, driving everyone awayThere are better, productive and healthier ways to cope with stress.Stress management is not rocket science. You can do it, as long as you put your mind to it. You are your own stress manager.